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Dear Friends: May I urge you to read this letter carefully? It has
been written from my heart in the hope and prayer that you will give it
due consideration and recognize the urgency that it conveys. Thank you.
JCD.
It is with great concern that I share with you our considered belief
that the institution of marriage is about to descend into a state of
turmoil unlike any other in human history. The homosexual activist
movement, which has achieved virtually every goal and objective it set out
to accomplish more than 50 years ago, is poised to administer a
devastating and potentially fatal blow to the traditional family. And
sadly, there is hardly a politician who has the courage to utter a word of
alarm or protest in response. Indeed, there are very few Christians in
positions of responsibility who are willing to use their influence to help
combat it.
Researchers have been warning about this looming cultural storm for the
past decade. The most prominent among them, sociologists David Popenoe and
Barbara Dafoe Whitehead at Rutgers University, conducted a longitudinal
study of the family between 1960 and 1999, and concluded that the
institution of marriage appeared to be dying.1
There is accumulating evidence now that they were right. A handful of
power-obsessed judges is determined to impose the homosexual agenda on the
nation and thereby change forever the legal definition of marriage.
The dire ramifications of what is happening in the United States and
other western nations cannot be overstated. For millennia, traditional
marriage has been celebrated by every culture on earth as the cornerstone
of society. But in the late 1960s and early 1970s, no-fault divorce laws,
radical feminism and a sweeping sexual revolution combined here in the
United States to rip open the fabric of the family. They left it shaken
and wounded. It was a growing apprehension about this situation that led
me to resign from my academic position in 1977 and start a fledgling new
organization called Focus on the Family. In the 26 years since, we have
been working tirelessly to bolster and preserve traditional marriage and
parenthood. There have been times of hope and times of despair during this
struggle, but overall, the family has been steadily losing ground. Now,
the institution of marriage is on the ropes and western civilization
itself appears to hang in the balance.
The first blow came on June 10, 2003 when three imperious judges on the
Canadian Supreme Court declared the exclusivity of marriage between one
man and one woman to be unconstitutional.2
Characteristically, the decision to redefine this historic institution was
made by an unelected and unaccountable judiciary without the concurrence
of the Canadian people or their representatives in Parliament.
Legalization of so-called “same-sex marriage” thus became the law of
the land for our northern neighbors, joining the Netherlands and Belgium
as the only three such nations in the world.3
Homosexuals everywhere cheered the decision, and for good reason. If it
could happen in Canada, why not here, there and everywhere? National gay
activist Evan Wolfson suggested that the Canadian victory is a foretaste
of what is to come in America. He wrote, “The future is clearly the
Canadian way. The United States cannot lag behind its major trading
partner, the nation with the longest common border, its closest
international ally. With the increased trade and travel between two
nations, how can we avoid going the same direction?”4
Two weeks later, on June 26, 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down
the Texas law prohibiting sodomy in the Lawrence v. Texas decision.5
Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy cavalierly stated that
the law’s “…continuance as precedent demeans the lives of homosexual
persons.”6 By ruling that sodomy is a
Constitutionally protected “right,” the Court decided that
considerations of morality and decency were irrelevant. And as I write,
the Massachusetts Supreme Court is expected to rule at any moment on a gay
marriage case brought forth by seven same-sex couples who tried to obtain
marriage licenses in that state.7 By the
time you read this letter, the matter will most likely already be decided.
These and other disturbing judicial decisions are accompanied by a
virtual avalanche of gay and lesbian advances that have descended on us.
Consider:
- On July 28, the New York Board of Education announced the creation
of a gay-oriented high school in New York City, because, in the words
of Mayor Michael Bloomberg, “. . . everybody feels
that it’s a good idea.”8
- On August 4, the United Nations began considering a proposal that
would support “same-sex marriage” in countries around the world.9
- On August 5, the United Episcopal Church ordained its first gay
bishop and on August 7, affirmed the establishment of “gay
unions.”10
- The United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church USA, the
Evangelical Lutherans of America and many conservative Jews are
struggling with the same issues.11
On the liberal end of the religious spectrum, the battle is about
lost. The United Church of Christ, the American Baptist Church, Reform
Judaism and the Unitarian Universalists permit the ordination of gay
clergy and bless same-sex unions in some form.12
- In the past year, the Roman Catholic Church has undergone a terrible
sexual abuse scandal related primarily to homosexual priests who
exploited adolescent boys. Fortunately, the Vatican’s agency for
policing Roman Catholic Orthodoxy — the Congregation for the
Doctrine of the Faith — recently issued a stern statement to the
Catholic lawmakers around the world regarding the institution of
marriage. In part, it said that each representative “. . . has
a moral duty to express his opposition [to gay marriage] clearly and
publicly and to vote against it.” It continued: “To vote in favor
of a law so harmful to the common good is gravely immoral.”13
Senator Kennedy, are you listening?
- During the first week of August, the California State Legislature
passed Assembly Bill 196 with the intent to “protect”
transgendered people from employment and housing discrimination.
Simply put, this bill would force Christian bookstores, and perhaps
even the Boy Scouts, to hire or keep male employees who dress like
women, or women who dress like men. The fine for violating this law is
$150,000!14 The inmates are now
fully in charge of the asylum.
- In an obvious attempt to solidify his small but radical liberal base
leading up to the chaotic October 7 recall election, California
Governor Gray Davis has publicly supported a bill that would give gay
“partners” almost every legal benefit and privilege that married
couples now enjoy. This act of legislative arrogance ignores the will
of the vast majority of Californians. In March of 2000, Proposition
22, which declared marriage as a union “between a man and a woman”
passed by the overwhelming margin of 61 to 39 percent.15
Assembly Bill 205 will allow homosexual “couples” to share
property, health insurance and government benefits — in addition to
being permitted to file joint tax returns and claim the same
exemptions as married couples.16 The
sponsor of the bill, Assemblywoman Jackie Goldberg, called its
imminent passage “a big step.”17
Indeed it is — but it’s a big step off a steep cliff.
- Conde Nast’s Bride’s magazine is devoting a full-page article to
same-sex “weddings” in its September-October issue — a first in
the publication’s 70-year history.18
- It seems as if every episode of every sitcom on television now
includes a gay character portrayed in a positive light, whereas
heterosexual men are displayed as bumbling fools. Then there are the
programs that center on homosexuality. For example, Bravo’s new
makeover show, “Queer Eye for the Straight Guy,” features a team
of five gay men who promise to “transform a style-deficient and
culture-deprived straight man from drab to fab.”19
Yet another Bravo gay program this fall is entitled “Boy Meets
Boy.”20 ABC will roll out its own
gay sitcom on network television this month called, “It’s All
Relative.” The pilot episode shows a male churchgoing couple in bed.21
The bottom line was summarized in an article in The New York Times
on July 29, which included this headline: “Gay-Themed TV Gaining a
Wider Audience.”22 Who can deny
that?
It’s gay, gay, gay, wherever you look. Media critic Michael Medved
made a similar point when he said that “A Martian gathering evidence
about American society, simply by monitoring our television, would
certainly assume that there were more gay people in America than there are
evangelical Christians.”23
What makes these developments so shocking is that the legal acceptance
of homosexual marriage was little more than a pipe dream just a few years
ago, but it has become a tidal wave that is sweeping around the globe.
Furthermore, there are even more troubling changes on the horizon. The
history of the gay and lesbian movement is that its adherents quickly move
the goal line as soon as one has been breached, revealing even more
shocking and outrageous objectives. In the present instance, homosexual
activists, heady with power and exhilaration, feel the political climate
is right to tell us what they have wanted all along. This is the real
deal: most gays and lesbians do not want to marry each other. That would
entangle them in all sorts of legal constraints. Who needs a lifetime
commitment to one person? The intention here is to destroy marriage
altogether.24 With marriage as we know
it gone, everyone would enjoy all the legal benefits of marriage (custody
rights, tax-free inheritance, joint ownership of property, health care and
spousal citizenship, etc.,) without limiting the number of partners or
their gender. Nor would “couples” be bound to each other in the eyes
of the law. This is clearly where the movement is headed. If you doubt
that this is the motive, read it for yourself.
Liberal columnist Michael Kinsley wrote an op-ed piece in the
Washington Post, entitled, “Abolish Marriage; Let’s Really Get the
Government Out Of Our Bedrooms.” Note the date of the piece, July 3,
2003. In this revealing editorial, Kinsley writes, “(The) solution is to
end the institution of marriage, or rather, the solution is to end the
institution of government monopoly on marriage. And yes, if three people
want to get married, or one person wants to marry herself and someone else
wants to conduct a ceremony and declare them married, let ‘em. If you
and your government aren’t implicated, what do you care. If marriage
were an entirely private affair, all the disputes over gay marriages would
become irrelevant.” Without it, the author warns, “It’s going to get
ugly.”25
Thank you, Mr. Kinsley, for that bit of tripe from the far left region
of the universe.
Unfortunately, there is plenty of support for his wacky ideas. Judith
Levine, writing in the Village Voice on July 23, offered similar
words of wisdom in an article entitled “Stop the Wedding, Why Gay
Marriage Isn’t Radical Enough.” She wrote, “Because American
marriage is inextricable from Christianity, it admits participants as Noah
let animals on the ark. But it doesn’t have to be that way. In 1972 the
National Coalition of Gay Organizations demanded the ‘repeal of all
legislative provisions that restrict the sex or number of persons entering
into a marriage unit; and the extension of legal benefits to all persons
who cohabit regardless of sex or numbers.’ Group marriage could comprise
any combination of genders.”26
Polygamy, anyone? That is precisely what the more radical activists
want. And as we all know, they have gotten nearly everything they have
cooked up in recent years.
Admittedly, this hostility to marriage is not all that new. In 1918,
the Russian Revolutionary Vladimir Lenin abolished marriage and declared
the family obsolete. His motive was simple: the “family” prevented
women from doing work that was useful to the state.27
Do you see the stunning parallel to the current crisis of our times? The
stability of the American family today is not only being slandered, but
slaughtered! Indeed, bad things will continue to happen if good people do
nothing.
Stanley Kurtz, a research fellow at the Hoover Institution, summed up
the crisis in a recent Weekly Standard article. He noted that if
gay marriage is legalized, “Marriage will be transformed into a variety
of relationship contracts, linking two, three or more individuals (however
weakly or temporarily) in every conceivable combination of male and female . . . the
bottom of this slope is visible from where we now stand.”28
In a recent National Review Online article, Maggie Gallagher
noted that “Gay marriage is not some sideline issue, it is the
marriage debate . . . The consequences of our current
retreat from marriage is not a flourishing libertarian social order, but a
gigantic expansion of state power and a vast increase in social disorder
and human suffering.”29 Her dire
warning is echoed in a Boston Globe editorial by Jeff Jacoby. He
notes that “the adoption of same-sex marriage would topple a
longstanding system of shared values. It would change assumptions and
expectations by which society has long operated — that men and women are
not interchangeable, for example, and that the central reason for marriage
is to provide children with mothers and fathers in a safe and loving
environment.”30 His commentary
concludes with these words: “My foreboding is that a generation after
same-sex marriage is legalized, families will be even less stable than
they are today, the divorce rate will be even higher and children will be
even less safe. To express such a dire warning is to be labeled an
alarmist, a reactionary, a bigot and worse . . . But
it is not bigotry to try to learn from history, or to point out that some
institutions have stood the test of time because they are the only ones
that can stand the test of time.”31
To summarize, the legalization of homosexual marriage is for gay
activists merely a stepping-stone on the road to eliminating all
societal restrictions on marriage and sexuality. Perhaps it is evident now
why I began this letter by predicting that unless we act quickly, the
family as it has been known for 5,000 years will be gone. With its demise
will come chaos such as the world has never seen before. Why? Let me
explain.
First and foremost, the Holy Scriptures set forth the Creator’s plan
for marriage and family. To deviate from that model is to invite disaster.
As early as the second chapter of Genesis, we learn that God created Eve
as a “suitable companion” for Adam who would complement him
physically, spiritually and emotionally. This “marriage” was the very
first institution that God created, and it continues to be the primary
institution of society to this day. God designed marriage between a man
and a woman as the first system of interdependent human relationships, as
well as the means by which spiritual teaching is passed down through the
generations. In his letter to the church at Corinth, Paul reminds us that
men and women mutually complete one another: “In the Lord, however,
woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman” (I
Corinthians 11:11, NIV). Marriage is also upheld as a beautiful
illustration of the relationship between Christ and his bride, the Church
(see Ephesians 5:25-33).
God’s design for marriage is not simply some lofty, spiritual ideal.
The Bible also outlines a specific plan for human sexuality. Throughout
Scripture, God’s intention for human sexual relationships is clearly
limited to the heterosexual union between a man and a woman in marriage
(see Genesis 1:27-28, and 2:18, 23-24). By stark contrast, sex outside of
that relationship, whether it be of a heterosexual or homosexual nature,
is clearly identified as sin. With particular regard to homosexuality,
Paul warns: “ . . . God gave them over to shameful
lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relationships for unnatural
ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women
and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts
with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their
perversion” (Romans 1:26b-27, NIV).
But even for those who don’t take the Bible into account,
heterosexual marriage has been the cornerstone of every civilization from
the beginning of humanity. Only in the last few “milliseconds” of
human history have we even entertained the idea that marriage is anything
other than the union of a male and a female. Yes, there have been times
when homosexuality has been embraced by segments of certain cultures, as
it was in ancient Greece or Rome. But if you spin a globe and stop it with
your finger on an inhabited landmass, you can be assured that the region
on which it rests has always embraced heterosexual marriage as the
norm. There are no exceptions.
If the God-ordained basis for the family does indeed fail on a large
scale, children will pay a terrible price. Social science confirms that
two parents of the same sex, however loving or nurturing they may be,
cannot meet the unique needs of children in the same way that a mother and
a father can. A mother is ill equipped to teach her son what it means to
be a man, just as a father cannot teach his daughter to be a woman.
Same-sex relationships undermine the future generation’s understanding
of the fundamental principles of marriage, parenthood and gender. Further,
girls and especially boys need long-term stability and predictability at
home. The destruction of the traditional family will condemn millions of
them to temporary relationships, involving multiple “moms” or
“dads,” six or eight “grandparents” and perhaps a dozen or more
half-siblings who will come and go as those who care for them meander from
one sexual relationship to another. These children will be shuffled from
pillar to post in an ever-changing pattern of living conditions.
Parenthood itself will come to be defined as only an act performed by two
(or more) androgynous beings. “Mother” and “father” will become
meaningless words that will not define anything substantive about women
and men. Any apparent differences between the sexes will be seen as merely
superficial and of no practical consequence. Advocates of same-sex
marriage cannot tolerate the idea that genuine, necessary differences
exist between the sexes.
Studies show that homosexual men, in particular, have a difficult time
honoring even the most basic commitments of “marriage.” A recent study
conducted in the Netherlands — a “progressive” nation in which gay
marriage has been legal for several years — found that the average
homosexual relationship lasts only 1.5 years, and that gay men have an
average of eight sexual partners per year outside of their “primary”
relationship! Does that sound like a stable child-rearing environment to
you? By stark contrast, 67 percent of first marriages in the United States
last 10 years or more, and more than 75 percent of heterosexual married
couples report being faithful to their vows.32
I have only begun to describe the meltdown that will occur if same-sex
marriage is finally thrust upon society. But for the moment, there is time
to act. It will be too late if we don’t act now. How can we counter the
drive to obtain legal recognition of same-sex marriage? It is with a
Constitutional amendment. In a recent article for National Review,
Notre Dame law professor Gerard V. Bradley noted: “The only way to rein
in this runaway Court is to change the supreme positive law: the
Constitution. The Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA) would do that. It would
impose upon willful judges and justices a limitation on their ability to
redefine the family. The amendment would leave legislatures free to extend
some benefits to non-marital households. But courts could not.”33
Let me remind you that it is the courts that have run amok. They are
out of control and beyond the checks and balances envisioned by our
Founding Fathers. And the liberal establishment in this country knows that
it can accomplish all of its harebrained schemes, not by winning popular
elections, but by enticing these few unelected judges in black robes to do
their dirty work. This is why President George W. Bush is having a
terrible time getting his judicial appointments confirmed by the Senate.
The liberals are determined to protect their trump card in the courts —
such as the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that last year declared the
Pledge of Allegiance to be unconstitutional. Since neither the Congress
nor the President have the will to use their Constitutional authority to
reign in the power of the court, we must fight for an amendment that will
do it for us — specifically with regard to marriage.
Here is the wording of the Federal Marriage Amendment, which the House
and Senate will be debating shortly.
“Marriage in the United States shall consist only of the union of a
man and a woman. Neither this constitution or the constitution of any
state, nor state or federal law, shall be construed to require that
marital status or the legal incidents thereof be conferred upon
unmarried couples or groups.”34
While not perfect, the FMA represents what may truly be our last
opportunity to ensure that traditional marriage is legally protected. The
first sentence prohibits the redefinition of marriage by either a court
decision or an action of a state legislature. The second sentence
preserves the democratic process at the state level by allowing state
legislatures to determine the allocation of the benefits associated with
marriage. The key strength of the FMA is that it precludes the courts from
distorting existing constitutional or statutory law into a requirement
that marital status — or the legal incidents thereof — be reallocated
pursuant to a judicial decree. In layman’s terms, that means the FMA
will ensure that the constitutional status of marriage is determined by
the American people and their representatives, rather than by unelected
judges.
This effort to save the family is our D-Day, or Gettysburg or
Stalingrad. This is the big one. If we cannot pass a Constitutional
amendment protecting traditional marriage, gay marriage will become
a reality. It will no longer be a matter of if, but when.
And the answer to that question is, “soon.”
I’m thankful that our President spoke out on this divisive issue
during a recent press conference, saying “I believe marriage is between
a man and a woman and I believe we ought to codify that one way or the
other.”35 Senate Majority Leader Bill
Frist also weighed in on the issue. He said, “Marriage is very simple: a
union between one man and one woman, not two men or three men or three men
or four men, or one man, or one woman, or two women, three women, or three
women and three men. It’s not that. It’s one man, one woman. It’s
what the law of the land is.”36 More
than 100 editorials and articles followed his statement, and all but three
of them were negative! It’s important that we encourage those leaders
who are willing to form a strong, united front on this issue. We need to
convey to them in the strongest possible terms how important this issue is
to us. We cannot accept compromise or uncertainty in the face of the
current onslaught of gay activism.
We should also express our displeasure to conservative representatives
and senators who waffle on the FMA, such as George Allen, R-VA, who
disappointed us all by saying that the amendment was only “. . . a
last resort.”37 What was he thinking?
Does he not know that marriage may be dying, and that the nation will
never be the same again? Attorney General John Ashcroft, our great friend,
was interviewed on FOX News on August 3 of this year. When asked whether
he thought the Bush administration should support “civil unions,” he
said inexplicably, “. . . that’s a very complex
question that I’m not going to make a recommendation on. We’re doing
research on that now.”38What, we would
ask, needs to be researched about civil unions? The pressure on our
national leaders to please the powerful gay lobby must be enormous.
Clearly, the struggle to pass the FMA is going to be long and arduous.
Passage of any Constitutional amendment is a massive undertaking that
requires widespread public involvement. The FMA will require the support
of two-thirds of the House of Representatives, two-thirds of the Senate
and a full three-quarters of the states in order to pass and become a part
of our Constitution. Unfortunately, that cannot be accomplished through
the efforts of only a few concerned citizens like you and me.
In light of this reality, I want to implore you to commit yourselves to
an unprecedented degree of social activism in defense of marriage. Take
the message that traditional marriage must be preserved to literally everyone
in your circle of influence!
Enclosed with this letter you will find a booklet that includes a
number of “Frequently Asked Questions” (FAQs) about same-sex marriage.
This resource provides a wealth of solid information about the cultural
and historical significance of heterosexual marriage and explains why
same-sex marriage is a bad idea and why marriage matters. Please read it,
study it and internalize it. Then, share the information with your
friends, neighbors, co-workers and extended family members. It is vitally
important that you do so.
Sadly, many people feel that same-sex marriage is inherently wrong, but
they have no idea how to articulate that view. Indeed, many would be
afraid of doing so for fear of being labeled a “bigot” or
“homophobe” by the cultural elite. As Christians, we believe that the
Bible’s admonitions against homosexual behavior, along with the design
for marriage put forth in Genesis and affirmed by Paul, are reasons enough
to oppose gay marriage. However, it is often said that God speaks to us
through two books: the Bible and the “book of nature.” Even for those
who do not know Christ, the book of nature provides numerous reasons why
homosexual behavior is harmful to individuals and to society as a whole.
The enclosed FAQs argue in favor of traditional marriage from the
standpoint of “natural law,” without specifically focusing on the
Christian Scriptures. Accordingly, they are applicable both to people of
faith and to those who espouse no faith at all.
Please feel free to make as many copies of this brochure as possible,
and distribute them to as many people as you can, including your pastor.
(It will be expensive for us to print and distribute these materials. Your
help is needed to help us pay for this effort.) Although brief, they
provide a powerful counterpoint to every argument put forth by
homosexual activists who are pushing for same-sex marriage. I’m
convinced that, as Christians and non-Christians alike are exposed to this
reasoned, common-sense defense of traditional marriage, the tide can begin
to turn. But again, there is not much time. We must do everything we can
to influence public opinion on this issue before it’s too late.
Before closing, I want to offer a word of hope. I have said on numerous
occasions that the institution of marriage was created and ordained by
God. If that is true — and I wholeheartedly believe that it is — then
no wrong-headed human law can destroy it. Even if my worst fears are
confirmed, and gay “marriage” does become legal, true marriage as God
intended will not cease to exist. It will be up to those of us who espouse
traditional values to stand up in defense of marriage and to preserve it
as an institution, just as we have proclaimed the humanity of preborn
babies over the more than 30 years since abortion was legalized. But while
God’s plan for marriage cannot be undone, man’s attempts at creating
an “alternative” promise to leave a legacy of confusion, turmoil and
broken lives throughout our society. Please pray with me that a meltdown
of that magnitude will not happen. Yes, do be in concerted prayer for the
family, for our leaders and for the nation. If we get out of the mess we
are in now, it will require nothing short of divine intervention and
guidance.
I know that we face a daunting challenge. However, the well-being of
future generations is dependent upon the way we answer this imminent
threat now. God and history will judge us on how we handle this
crisis. In the aforementioned National Review Online article by
Maggie Gallagher, the author notes: “Marriage is not an option, it is a
precondition for social survival . . . Winning the
gay-marriage debate may be hard, but to those of us who witnessed the fall
of Communism, despair is inexcusable and irresponsible.”39
I pray that the Lord would grant us the wisdom and strength to defend
marriage. For additional information, please visit our “CitizenLink”
Web site at www.citizenlink .org,
or call us at (800)-A-FAMILY. God bless you.

James C. Dobson, Ph.D.
President
P.S. The battle to defend biblical marriage will likely be long and
difficult, and it will most definitely be costly. We are doing
everything we can to devote sufficient resources to this fight while at
the same time preserving funding for the many other worthy outreach
endeavors being carried forth by the ministry. If you have met your
obligations to your local church and feel led to make an additional
contribution to our efforts to protect marriage, we would love to hear
from you. Thanks in advance for standing with us during what could very
well be a turning point in our nation’s history
Endnotes:
- David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, “The State of Our
Unions: The Social Health of Marriage in America,” The National
Marriage Project, Rutgers University, 1999, p.2. To access the report
via the Internet, please see http://marria
ge.rutgers.edu.
- Cassandra Szklarski, “Ontario Appeal Court Deems Same-Sex
Marriages a Protected Right,” The Canadian Press, 10 June
2003.
- Ibid.
- Chris Bull, “Northern Enlightenment,” The Advocate, 17
September 2002.
- Linda Greenhouse, “The Supreme Court: Homosexual Rights; Justices,
6-3, Legalize Gay Sexual Contact In Sweeping Reversal of Court’s
’86 Ruling,” The New York Times, 27 June 2003, p. A1.
- Maria Hinojosa and The Associated Press, “Massachusetts court to
rule on same-sex marriage,” CNN International Online, Law Center,
14 July 2003.
- Andrew Sullivan, “Beware the Straight Backlash; Queer Eye Takes a
Step Forward, But The Conflict Over Gay Marriage Could Get Ugly,” Time,
11 August 2003, p. 35.
- “First Public Gay High School In The Nation To Open In New York
City This Fall,” Associated Press, 28 July 2003.
- “U.N. Group In ‘Showdown With Religions,” WorldNetDaily.com, 8
August 2003.
- Monica Davey, “Gay Bishop Wins In Episcopal Vote; Split
Threatened,” The New York Times, 6 August 2003, p. A1; Monica
Davey, “Episcopalians Approve Local Option on Same-Sex Unions,” The
New York Times, 8 August 2003, p. A10.
- Claudia Wallis, “House Divided; Will The Episcopal Church Find A
Way To Survive The Controversial Election Of Its First Openly Gay
Bishop?” Time, 18 August 2003, p. 50; Mark I. Pinsky, “Gay
Dispute Rocks Faithful Institutions; Religious Groups Nationwide Are
Tackling Tough Questions, Orlando Sentinel, 10 August 2003, p.
A1.
- Mark I. Pinsky, Ibid.
- Mike Allen, Alan Cooperman, Dana Milbank and David von Drehle,
“Bush Vows No Compromise In Opposing Same-Sex Marriage,” The
Washington Post, 3 August 2003, p. A3.
- Nancy Vogel, “A Bevy of Bills Is Signed; Added Protections For
Transgender Residents, Auto Insurance Measure Are Among New Laws,” The
Los Angeles Times, 5 August 2003, B1.
- Evelyn Nieves, “Those Opposed to 2 Initiatives Had Little Chance
From Start,” The New York Times, 9 March 2000, p. A27.
- Gregg Jones and Jean Merl, “Davis Would Sign Domestic Partners
Bill; The Legislation Would Extend Most The Legal Rights of Marriage
To Gays and Lesbians. Critics Say The Governor Is Seeking Votes,” Los
Angeles Times, 17 August 2003, p. B6.
- Ibid.
- Bill Werde, “A First at Bride’s Magazine: A Report on Same-Sex
Unions,” The New York Times, 28 July 2003, C1.
- “Five Gay Men, Out To Make Over The World — One Straight Guy At
A Time,” from network Web site. See: www.bravotv.co
m
- “Boy Meets Boy,” from network Web site. See: www.bravotv.co
m.
- Frank Rich, “And Now, The Queer Eye For Straight Marriage,” The
New York Times, 10 August 2003, p. AL1.
- Bernard Weinraub and Jim Rutenberg, “Gay-Themed TV Gaining a Wider
Audience,” The New York Times, 29 July 2003, p. A1.
- Kim Campbell, “Gays On Prime Time,” Christian Science
Monitor, 6 April 2001, p. 13.
- Stanley Kurtz, “Beyond Marriage,” The Weekly Standard,
August 4/August 11, 2003.
- Michael Kinsley, “Abolish Marriage; Let’s Really Get the
Government Out of Our Bedrooms,” Washington Post, 3 July
2003, p. A23.
- Judith Levine, “Stop The Wedding!” Village Voice, 29 July
2003, p. 40.
- Michael Johns, “Soviet Crimes From Lenin To Gorbachev,” Policy
Review, Fall 1987, p. 10.
- Stanley Kurtz, “Beyond Gay Marriage,” The Weekly Standard,
August 4/August 11, 2003, p. 26.
- Maggie Gallagher, “The Stakes,” National Review Online,
July 14, 2003.
- Jeff Jacoby, “Gay Marriage Would Change Society’s Ideal,” Boston
Globe, July 6, 2003, p. H11.
- Ibid.
- Xiridou, Maria; Geskus, Ronald; De Wit, Jon; Coutinho, Roel;
Kretzschmar, Mirjam, “The Contribution of Steady and Casual
Partnerships to the Incidence of HIV Infection Among Homosexual Men in
Amsterdam,” AIDS, 17 (2003): 1029-38.
- Gerard V. Bradley, “Stand and Fight: Don’t Take Gay Marriage
Lying Down,” National Review, 28 July 2003.
- David Crary, “Coalition Proposes Amending Constitution To Block
Gay Marriage,” Associated Press, 10 July 2001.
- Patricia Wilson, “Bush Rejects Call to Legalize Gay Marriage,”
Reuters, 30 July 2003.
- Judy Holland, “Congress Awaits Massachusetts Ruling On Gay
Marriages; Court Decision May Launch Wider Fight On Same-Sex
Unions,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 20 July 2003, p. A11.
- “Bush Rejects Same-Sex Marriages,” The State, 31 July
2003, p. A1.
- Interview With John Ashcroft, “FOX News Sunday,” 3 August 2003.
- Maggie Gallagher, “The Stakes,” National Review Online,
July 14, 2003.
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